Ingrown hairs are a common skin condition that occurs when a hair strand curls back or grows sideways into the skin. This can lead to a variety of uncomfortable symptoms and can affect anyone, regardless of gender or hair type, though some are more prone to them.
They typically appear as small, red, and often itchy bumps, resembling pimples. Understanding what causes them is key for correct treatment and prevention.
How Do Ingrown Hairs Form?
Ingrown hair couldn’t exit the skin’s surface. That’s as much as a skin as a hair problem. One of the most significant contributors is shaving, but waxing and plucking can also lead to ingrown hairs if the hair follicle has been weakened and breaks below the epidermis.
2 Types of Ingrown Hair
Ingrown hairs can come in 2 types, based on how the hair becomes trapped:
- Extrafollicular (Outside the Follicle): This type occurs when the hair grows out of the follicle normally, but then curves back and re-enters the skin’s surface. This is more common with curly or coarse hair.
- Transfollicular (Inside the Follicle): In this case, the hair doesn’t even exit the follicle. Instead, it grows sideways, becoming trapped beneath the skin’s surface. This often happens when dead skin cells or debris clog the follicle opening. Improper hair removal techniques, like shaving against the grain or pulling the skin taut, can also contribute.
Is it Ingrown Hair or Something Else?
Ingrown hair is one of the 8 type of hair problems. You can recognize it because it forms a small, red, and often painful or itchy bump. It often appears on the face, neck, legs, bikini line, or armpits, all of them places where hair has been removed.
Here is another way to recognize it: within the bump, you might see a dark spot in the center: the trapped hair coiled beneath the skin. The area around can also become inflamed, tender to the touch, and in some cases, may develop pus, indicating an infection.
If left unaddressed, ingrown hair bumps can become chronic, leading to hyperpigmentation (dark spots) or even scarring, especially if picked or irritated.
Best Home Remedies: Ingrown Hair Treatment
Once an ingrown hair develops, there are several steps you can take. The primary goal is to free the trapped hair and reduce inflammation.
- Warm Compress: Applying a warm compress several times a day can soften the skin and open the pores, making it easier for the hair to emerge.
- Sterile Tweezers/Needle: Only if the hair loop is clearly visible above the skin’s surface, you can gently try to tease out the hair with sterilized tweezers or a sterile needle. Avoid digging or picking at the skin, as this can introduce bacteria, worsen inflammation, and lead to infection or scarring.
- Exfoliation: Gentle exfoliation using a soft brush or a mild exfoliating scrub can help remove dead skin cells that might be trapping the hair. Do this regularly, but avoid aggressive scrubbing, especially on an inflamed ingrown hair.
- Topical Treatments: Over-the-counter creams containing salicylic acid or glycolic acid can help to exfoliate the skin and reduce inflammation. Products with hydrocortisone cream can also alleviate redness and itching. For minor infections, an antibiotic ointment can be applied. Always follow product instructions carefully.
A systematic review published in the British Journal of Dermatology highlighted the efficacy of topical retinoids and alpha-hydroxy acids (like glycolic acid) in managing conditions related to follicular occlusion, which includes ingrown hairs. This supports the use of these ingredients in over-the-counter treatments.
Long-Term Solutions
For individuals who experience recurrent ingrown hairs despite diligent home care and preventive measures, exploring long-term solutions is the best option.
One of the most effective long-term treatments is laser hair removal. By reducing the hair’s ability to grow back, laser removal drastically minimizes the chances of hairs curling back into the skin. Another option is electrolysis, which uses an electric current to destroy individual hair follicles, leading to permanent hair removal. Both methods are best performed by qualified professionals.
When to Seek Professional Help
If an ingrown hair becomes severely inflamed, very painful, or shows signs of infection (such as increasing redness, warmth, swelling, or pus), a doctor can prescribe stronger topical or oral antibiotics to clear the infection.
Try Out These 3 Prevention Methods
Prevention is always better than cure. By adjusting your hair removal techniques and adopting a consistent skincare routine, you can significantly reduce your risk.
Shaving Techniques
- Prepare Your Skin: Always shave after a warm shower or bath, as the steam helps to open pores and soften hairs.
- Exfoliate Gently: Before shaving, gently exfoliate the area to remove dead skin cells that can trap hairs.
- Use a Sharp, Clean Razor: A dull razor can tug at hairs and increase the chance of them growing back incorrectly. Change your blade frequently (after 5-7 uses).
- Shave with the Grain: Whenever possible, shave in the direction of hair growth. This reduces the closeness of the shave and minimizes hair re-entry into the skin.
- Avoid Stretching the Skin: Don’t pull your skin taut while shaving, as this can cause the hair to retract further into the follicle when released.
- Rinse Your Blade Often: Clean your blade after every few strokes to prevent hair and dead skin buildup.
- Post-Shave Care: Rinse with cool water to close pores, then apply a soothing, non-comedogenic moisturizer.
Skincare Routine
A consistent skincare routine plays a vital role in preventing ingrown hairs. Keeping your skin hydrated and free from dead skin cell buildup is key.
Exfoliation and Moisturization
Regular, gentle exfoliation helps remove dead skin cells that can block hair follicles and trap growing hairs. Aim for 2-3 times a week, depending on your skin’s sensitivity.
Equally important is consistent moisturization. Hydrated skin is more supple, allowing hairs to grow through more easily. Applying it immediately after showering helps lock in moisture.
Ingrown Hairs vs. Other Skin Conditions
Sometimes, ingrown hairs can be mistaken for other skin conditions, and vice versa. It’s important to differentiate them to ensure proper treatment.
Condition | Key Characteristics | Differentiation from Ingrown Hair |
Pimples/Acne | Red bumps, whiteheads, blackheads; often related to oil and bacteria in pores. | Pimples may not have a visible hair trapped. Ingrown hairs are directly related to hair follicles and hair growth. Acne can occur anywhere, not just shaved areas. |
Inflammation of hair follicles, often bacterial or fungal; presents as small, red bumps or pustules around hair follicles. | Folliculitis is an infection of the follicle itself, not necessarily due to a hair growing inwards. It can be widespread and may require antibiotics. | |
Razor Burn | Redness, irritation, and sometimes small bumps immediately after shaving; typically resolves quickly. | Razor burn is acute irritation from shaving; ingrown hairs are distinct bumps where hair is trapped under the skin and persist longer. |
Keratosis Pilaris | Small, rough bumps (often on arms/thighs) caused by keratin buildup blocking hair follicles; dry skin texture. | KP bumps are usually widespread, small, and feel like sandpaper; hairs are usually not visible within them and it’s a chronic condition not directly linked to hair removal. |
Who Gets Ingrown Hairs? Risk Factors and Demographics
Hair type is a major determinant; individuals with thick, coarse, or curly hair are particularly prone to ingrown hair. The natural curl of their hair makes it more likely to bend back and re-enter the skin, especially after shaving.
Risk Factor | Description |
Curly or Coarse Hair | The natural structure makes it easier for hair to curl back into the skin. |
Close Shaving | Cutting hair too short, especially against the grain, creates sharp edges that can pierce the skin. |
Improper Hair Removal | Techniques like pulling skin taut while shaving, using dull razors, or incorrect waxing/plucking methods. |
Tight Clothing | Friction from tight clothes can trap hairs and prevent them from growing outwards, forcing them inward. |
Skin Conditions | Conditions that block pores (e.g., acne) can create an environment where hairs are more likely to become trapped. |
Genetic Predisposition | Some individuals may have a genetic tendency towards developing ingrown hairs more frequently. |
A study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology indicated that up to 60% of Black men and women experience a form of recurrent ingrown hairs (pseudofolliculitis barbae) due to shaving practices.
FAQs
Are ingrown hairs dangerous?
A: In most cases, ingrown hairs are harmless and will go away on their own. However, if left untreated or if they become infected, they can lead to pain, inflammation, hyperpigmentation (dark spots), or scarring. A severe infection might require medical attention.
Can I squeeze or poke at ingrown hairs?
No, it is strongly advised not to squeeze or poke at ingrown hairs. Doing so can introduce bacteria into the skin, worsen the inflammation, lead to infection, and increase the risk of scarring. Instead, try the recommended home remedies like warm compresses and gentle exfoliation.
How long does it take for an ingrown hair to disappear?
The duration can vary. Smaller, uncomplicated ingrown hairs may disappear on their own within a few days, especially with warm compresses and gentle exfoliation. More severely inflamed or infected hairs can take longer and might require professional help.
Is laser hair removal the best solution for recurrent ingrown hairs?
For individuals who suffer from chronic or recurrent ingrown hairs, laser hair removal is often a very effective long-term solution. Always consult a qualified specialist to discuss the best option for your specific situation.
What’s the difference between an ingrown hair and folliculitis?
An ingrown hair occurs when a hair physically grows back into or curls within the skin. Folliculitis, on the other hand, is an inflammation of the hair follicles themselves, often caused by bacteria, fungi, or other irritants, not necessarily by an inward-growing hair. Folliculitis can also occur without prior hair removal.
Can tight clothing cause ingrown hairs?
Yes, tight clothing can be a risk factor. The friction created by tight clothing can prevent hair from growing straight outwards, instead forcing it to curl back into the skin. It’s recommended to wear loose-fitting clothing after hair removal.
